Large dams and their respective reservoirs provide renewable energy and water security, but also can profoundly alter riverine ecosystems.Here, we present evidence of changing aquatic food web structure in the seasons following short-duration, extreme manipulation of water levels in a reservoir (i.e., draining of the reservoir to the original river
A $ extit{sigma partitioning}$ of a graph $G$ is a partition of the vertices into sets $P_1, ldots, P_k$ such that for every two adjacent vertices $u$ and $v$ there is an index $i$ such that $u$ and $v$ have different numbers of neighbors in $P_i$.The $ extit{ sigma number}$ of Drinks a graph $G$, denoted by $sigma(G)$, is the minimum number $k$ su
Abstract For a given Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm we introduce a distance between two configurations that quantifies the difficulty of transition from one configuration to the Mushroom Vapes other configuration.We argue that the distance takes a universal form for the class of algorithms which generate local moves in the configuration space.W